深圳市南山区出生缺陷调查及干预模式探讨

Survey of Birth Defects and Discussion on Intervention Mode in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City

目的掌握深圳市南山区社区出生缺陷筛查现状，寻找适合推广的预防出生缺陷社区干预模式和干预手段，方法对南山区户籍已婚未育夫妇进行地中海贫血、G6PD缺乏症、先天性风疹综合征的筛查，对孕16～21周的孕妇进行唐氏综合征和神经管畸形的筛查，并对高危人群给予优生指导和咨询。结果90．8％的人听说过出生缺陷，对出生缺陷知识主要通过报纸、杂志、电视、广播、宣传品、小广告获得。虽有74．4％的人知道优生筛查，但只有5．6％的人知道l一2个具体的筛查病种。男性对出生缺陷致畸危险因素的知晓率比女性要高？地中海贫血的基因携带者为7.64％，G6PD缺乏症的基因携带者为7．39％，唐氏综合征和神经管畸形的高危人群分别占9．83‰。和3.73‰。结论育龄群众对出生缺陷的相关知识缺乏，开展社区出生缺陷综合干预十分必要，利用计划生育三级技术服务网络开展出生缺陷一级干预和二级干预是一种可行的工作模式？

Objective To obtain the current situation on screening of birth defects in the community of Nanshan district,Sheznhen,and find the intervention mode and method,which is suitable for the generalization of community,to prevent birth defects. Methods Screen on Mediterranean anemia,glucose - 6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and congenital rubella syndrome for the married couple who is without birth and owns the census register, and screen on Down＇ s syndrome and neural tube defects for pregnant women with a gestational period of 16 -21 weeks. And provide consultation and guide about health- y birth for the high risk group. Results A percentage of 90. 8% of investigated population had heard of birth defects,and the information was mainly gained by newspapers, magazine, TV, broadcast, propaganda, and leaflet. Although 74. 4% of investigated population knows the screen on health birth,only 5.6% know 1 or 2 specific screening disease. There was a higher popular rate on haxard factors inducing birth defects for males than females. The percentage of carriers with the gene of Mediterranean anemia, glucose - 6 - phos- phate dehydrogenase deficiency, and high risk group with Down＇ s syndrome and neural tube defects was 7. 64% ,7. 39% ,9. 83‰ and 3. 73‰,respectively. Conclusion People in reproductive life are lack of relative knowledge to birth defects. It is necessary to perform integrative intervention of birth defects in community ,and it is a feasible working nlode that makes the use of three -tier service system of birth control and family planning to provide primary and secondary intervention on birth defects.