计算的脑科学研究及其对数学教育的启示

BRAIN SCIENCE OF CALCULATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION

脑科学研究发现,简单心算主要涉及算术事实的提取,依赖于左半球的语言中枢,而复杂心算激活了左侧顶—额叶网络和双侧颞下回,与视觉空间表征和视觉表象加工有关;精算主要激活左额叶下部区域,而估算激活了两半球更大的区域。在计算过程中所激活的脑区受年龄发展与个体差异以及训练的影响。研究对有效地促进儿童计算能力的发展提供了重要启示。

New advances of research on brain science of calculation indicated that the simple mental calculation referred to the arithmetic facts retrieval directly, and relied on the language areas of the left hemisphere, but complex mental calculation activated the left parieto-frontal network and the bilateral inferior temporal gyri, which were related to the visuospatial representation and visual mental imagery. The exact calculation revealed a large and strictly left-lateralized activation in the left inferior frontal lobe, however, bilateral parietal lobes showed greater activation for approximation than for exact calculation. Besides, the brain activation during calculation was influenced by the age, individual differences in mathematical competence and training. The findings gave some implications for the development of child calculation competence.