类别表征与策略的脑科学研究及对思维教学的启示

REPRESENTATION AND STRATEGY IN CATEGORIZATION:BRAIN AND COGNITIVE RESEARCH AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THINKING

脑科学研究表明,分类中对物体的知觉表征激活颞下叶皮层和颞中区等区域;语义表征激活前额皮层等。语义加工和知觉表征相互作用的脑机制表现为额区与视觉区域间信息的传递、提取。分类策略主要有规则策略和相似性策略两种。规则策略激活额区等广泛区域;相似性策略与视觉区域相关,包含着对个别样例的记忆过程。基于以上研究结果,本文从学习材料的表征和对材料进行表征时的策略两个方面为思维教学提出了一些建议。

Viewing from brain research, the perceptual representation for objects in categorization mainly activates inferior temporal cortex and middle temporal area while conceptual representation is related with prefrontal cortex Brain mechanism for the interaction of this two levels of representation focus on the process how information transfer and extract between fontal and visual area. Futhermore, categorization contained two kinds of strageties, that is, rule-based and similarity-based. Frontal area plays a role in applying rules in categotization while similarity is concerned with visual area where memory of individual exemplars is processed. Basing on the research results we mentioned above, the article discussed education in thinking the design of learning materials and the strageties that are better by suggesting how to represent objects in learning