纳米复合材料的研究及应用前景

Nanocomposite & Its Application

纳米复合材料是由纳米尺寸的粒子分散在三维基体里形成的一类新的复合材料。就目前来看其制备方法有溶胶－凝胶法、高温熔融法、气相沉积法、人工超结构法、注入分散法、无机晶体生长法以及相转变法。其结构表征可以通过Ｘ射线衍射、透射电子显微分析、小角Ｘ射线散射、径向分布函数和拉曼光谱。纳米复合材料表现出明显的量子尺寸效应（光吸收边蓝移现象）和三阶非线性光学系数的提高，可望在光学双稳态、快速响应、相位共轭、光波导等光电子器件方面得到应用。是一类十分重要的材料。国外的研究十分活跃。本文以ＣｄＳ·ＳｉＯ２纳米复合材料为例，介绍了其制备方法、结构表征和性能分析以及应用前景。

Nanocomposite is a new composite, of which the three dimention body is composed of nano particles. The existing methods for preparing nanocomposite are those of sol gel, high temperature melting, vapor deposition, artificial superstracture, injection dispersion, non organic crystal growth and phase transition. Its structure characteristics can be analyzed by means of X ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, low angle X ray scattering, radial distribution function and Raman spectrum. Nanocomposite shows apparent quantum size effect(light absorption boundary blue shift phenomenon) and higher three stage non linear optical parameter. Nanocomposite is most likely to be used in the photoelectric apparatuses for the application of bistability, fast response, phase conjugation, optical waveguide, etc. Currently, it is a hot topic in the filed abroad. Its preparation, structure characteristic and performance, and application are discussed.