汉语数字词初探

On the Number Words of Chinese

数字词是由汉字中的数字直接组合而构成的词,它们或者不再表示数目,或者除了曲折地表示数目之外还有其他的意义,因此与直接、纯粹表示数目的数词有别。从《汉语大词典》及《现代汉语词典》所收录的数字词来看,数字词以双音节词为主,单义词、多义词在数量上基本持平。在内部构造上,数字词以联合型复合词居多,重叠式较少,派生词极少。数字词词义往往具有较强的理据性。

Number words are the words which consist of Chinese characters denoting numbers. They either don＇t indicate numbers any longer, or have some other meanings besides their meanings as numbers, so they are different from the words which directly or only denote figures. From the number words collected in the Grand Chinese Dictionary and Contemporary Chinese Dictionary ,we may find that number words areinly two-syllable words and the words with single meaning are almost as many as those with multiple meanings. As for its inner word formation, number words are maily coordinate compounds, and few of them are reduplicated with rare derivative. Usually number words have strong motivations.