中国古代思想家关于人格的论述

Ancient Chinese Thinkers' Remarks on Personlity

中国古代思想家对人格的论述包括类型说与境界说。类型说有:三类型说,主要以孔子为代表;五类型说,包括《黄帝内经》的五类型说与刘劭的五类型说;九类型说,主要以《尚书》和刘劭为代表;十二类型说,主要以刘劭为代表。境界说主要有:二境界说,以孟子的"大人"人格与"小人"人格为代表;三境界说,以荀子的勇敢三境界、言论三境界说为代表;四境界说,有荀子的勇敢四境界与智慧四境界的观点。境界说在本质上也是一种类型说,是类型说的变式。这些学说对于今天的人格类型研究仍具有一定的借鉴意义。

Explorations of Ancient Chinese Thinkers remarks of on personality include Type theory and Realm theory. The theory of Types are as follows： Three-type doctrine, of which Confucius is the representative; Five-type doctrine, which includes the theory of ＂Huan-di＇s Internal classic＂and Liu Shao＇s five-type doctrine; Nine-type doctrine, of which ＂Shang Shu＂and Liu Shao are the representatives; and Twelve-type doctrine, Liu Shao is considered as its representative. The discussion of Ancient Chinese on the theory of Realm are mainly as follows： Two-Realm doctrine, of which Mencius＇s ＂good man＂ personality and ＂bad man＂ personality are considered as the representative; Three-Realm doctrine, which includes Xun Zi＇s Three-Realm theory of courage and speech; Four-Realm doctrine, which contains Four-Realm theory of courage and wisdom of Xun Zi. Realm theory is essentially a kind of Type theory. These theories have reference meaning in modern research of personality types.