大学生竞争意识与父母养育方式相关研究

Researches on University Students' Competitiveness and Parental Rearing Behavior and Their Relations

目的:探索大学生竞争意识与父母养育方式的关系。方法:采用父母养育方式评价量表和大学生竞争心理量表对292名大学生进行研究。结果:男生在竞争策略、动机、倾向和竞争内容上的得分都显著高于女生(P<0.05～0.001);年级在竞争意识各个因子和总分都有显著性差异(P<0.05～0.001);文科与理科学生的竞争倾向明显高于其他专业的(P<0.05);成长于城市的大学生的竞争策略得分明显高于乡镇和农村的(P<0.05),但前者竞争动机明显低于后者(P<0.05);除了父亲情感温暖、理解与母亲情感温暖、理解以外,父母养育方式其他因子均与竞争意识有显著性相关(P<0.05～0.001);回归分析发现,父亲偏爱被试、母亲惩罚严厉、父亲惩罚严厉与父亲过分干涉等因素对竞争意识做出显著预测(P<0.05～0.001),它们共同解释了18.3%的竞争意识变异。结论:大学生竞争意识各维度存在性别、年级等显著差异;父母养育方式对大学生竞争意识产生相关影响。

Objective： This study explored the relationship of competitiveness and parental rearing patterns. Methods： 292 university students were investigated with Competitiveness Scale of University Students （CSUS） and EMBU scale. Results： The result indicated： University student＇s competitiveness on the average were at the intermediate level, competitive tendencies at highest level and competitive strategy at lowest level; the significant gender and grade differences of college students＇ competitiveness were demonstrated in every factors; the significant different types of subject were demonstrated in competitive inclination; the significant different environment for growth was demonstrated in competitive strategy and motivation. Conclusion： A significarm correlation is demonstrated between competitiveness and parental rearing behavior except understanding and emotional warmth of father and mother; father＇s preference, punishment and excessive interference and mother＇s punishment enter the regression equation.