论韩愈《鳄鱼文》的文体及其渊源

On the Genre and Origination of Han Yu's"E'yu Wen"鳄鱼文 (On Crocodiles )

韩愈《鳄鱼文》文体的认定历来有多种说法。有的将它看作是游戏文字,有的看作是祭文,笔者更倾向于认为这是一篇用来驱除鳄鱼的檄文。其在修辞手法上,与梁昭明太子萧统《文选》中所收的檄文,如司马相如的《喻巴蜀檄》、陈琳的《为袁绍檄豫州》非常相似。而其直接灵感来源,很有可能是南朝竺道爽的《檄太山文》。该文收于《弘明集》,与《鳄鱼文》一样,其所讨伐的对象与一般檄文不同,不是通常意义上的敌方,而是自然界的神灵。韩愈虽然排佛,其实佛教对其文学创作影响很大,已有论者指出,《弘明集》是他所喜爱的一本案头佛教读物。

As for the genre of Han Yu's'on Crocodile,'there have been diverse opinions. Some take it as word play, and others take it as memorial article. The present paper holds that it is an official call to arms. It is very similar to Sima Xiangru's'Yubashu Xi'喻巴蜀檄 and Chen Lin's'Wei Yuanshao Xi Yuzhou'为袁绍檄豫州. Its immediate inspiration source was most likely'Xi Taishan Wen'檄太山文 by Zhu Daoshuang in South Dynasty. Collected in Hongming Ji 弘明集,'Xi Taishan Wen,'just like'On Crocodile,'was not targeted at the usual object as often impugned in the general articles calling to arms, for the object was not the enemy in the usual sense, but the spirit in nature. Han Yu repelled Buddhism, but Buddhism actually exerted great influence upon his literary creation. It has been argued by some scholars that Hongming Ji was his favorite desk reading on Buddhism.