富士苹果3种树形的树冠生态因子比较研究

Comparative Study of the Ecological Factors in Different Tree Canopy Shapes for'Fuji' Apple

树冠生态因子的研究对果树树形评价和优质丰产有重要的指导意义。本文利用冠层分格测定的方法对短枝红富士苹果低干开心形、小冠疏层形和自由纺锤形树型的冠层主要生态因子进行了比较研究。结果表明,低干开心形树生长季枝量最小,为153万条/hm2,冠层无效光区最小,为20.21%,相对湿度和风速较大,果实品质好;小冠疏层对形生长季枝量为158万条/hm2,冠层无效光区为24.32%,相对湿度小,风速大,果实品质较好;自由纺锤树形生长季枝量最大,为185万条/hm2,冠层无效光区最大,为32.50%,相对湿度最大,风速最小,果实品质较差。低干开心树形和小冠疏层树形树冠通风透光条件好,利于生产优质果。自由纺锤树形须进行改形修剪,减少枝量。

The research of the ecological factors in different tree shapes has an important guiding significance for tree shapes evaluation and improving yield and quality. The effects of the ecological factors in small canopy shape, freedom spindle shape, low stem and open center shape for ＇Fuji＇ apple trees were investigated by using separate compartment determination in different tree canopies. The results showed that the number of the branches in the low stem and open center shape was the smallest in growing season, 1 530 000 strip/hm^2. Its inefficacy light region was the lowest 20. 21%, relative light intensity and wind speed were all strong, the fruit quality was better; the number of the branches in small canopy shape 1 580 000 strip/hm^2 in growing season, its inefficacy light region was 24. 32%, relative humidity was low, wind speed was high, the fruit quality was good; the number of the branches in freedom spindle shape was the most, 1 850 000 strip/hm^2, its inefficacy light region was the most, 32. 50% in growing season, relative humidity was the highest, wind speed was the lowest, the fruit quality is poor. Open stem and low center shape and small canopy shape had better light transmittance and ventilation conditions, suitable to improve the yield and quality of fruit production. Freedom spindle shape needed to be modified, pruned and reduced the quantity of branches.