大扁杏嫁接部位形成层生化物质含量变化研究

Variations of Several Biochemical Substance in Cambium of Grafted Armeniaca vulgaris

为了研究大扁杏嫁接部位形成层相关生化物质含量变化对其成活的影响,探讨杏树嫁接成活机理。在甘肃省泾川县,以2a生实生山杏为砧木,以6a生大扁杏（龙王帽）为接穗进行带木质部芽接试验。嫁接后每隔1 d环剥嫁接部位2 cm左右的形成层样品。以未嫁接的山杏相应部位形成层作对照。嫁接4 d后统计成活率,并测定了嫁接初期0～10d形成层单宁、游离氨基酸、粗淀粉,IAA含量。结果表明,嫁接后嫁接苗形成层单宁含量一直保持高于对照,仅8月12日除外;嫁接苗游离氨基酸含量一直保持高于对照,并且二者曲线变化趋势相同;嫁接苗形成层粗淀粉含量一直保持高于对照,仅8月12日测定结果除外;嫁接苗形成层IAA含量在采样前期和后期均高于对照,采样中期低于对照。综合分析认为,嫁接后形成层高含量的游离氨基酸、粗淀粉有利于嫁接体的成活,前期和后期形成层高含量的IAA有利于嫁接体成活,高含量的单宁不会影响愈合。试验嫁接成活率为92.3%。

The influences of several biochemical substance in cambium of grafted trees were investigated to reveal the survival mechanism of grafting. The experimental site was located in Jinchuan County, Gansu Province, 2-year-old seedlings of Prunus armeniaca var. ansu were used as rootstocks, and full buds on the branches with xylem of 6-year-old P. armeniaca × sibirica , were used as scions to carry out grafting. Two centimeters of cambium of bark of grafted trees were girdled every other day after grafting. The relatiw~ positions of non-grafted P. armeniaca were used as control. The survival rate was statisticly surveyed after four days of grafting. The contents of tannins, free amino acids,crude starch,and IAA in grafted trees anti in the control were measured in initial 0～10 days. The experiments were done in spring. The main results were as follows. The content variations of tannin in grafted trees was higher than those of the control dur ing the whole course of sampling except for Aug. 12. The content of free amino acids in grafted trees was higher than that of control at all time and the change trend of curve was the same as the control. The con tent change of crude starch of grafted trees was higher than that of the control during the whole course of samplinging except for Aug. 12. The content of IAA of grafted trees was higher than in the control during the prophase and anaphase of the samplinging. Based on above experiment results, we consider that higher quantitative of free amino acids and crude starch were benefit to the surviving of grafted-body. High con tent of tannin did not influence the survival. High content of IAA during the prophase of samplinging were good to concrescence. The survival ratio in summer was 92.3%.