美国“肯定性行动”计划及其对中国高考招生制度改革的启示

The Plan of American "Affirmative Action" and the Enlightenment to the Reform of Recruit Students System for China College Entrance Examination

"肯定性行动"计划是美国政府为了消除少数民族和妇女等弱势群体在就业和教育领域受歧视的现象,改善少数民族和妇女的社会经济状况而实行的一系列政策和措施的总称。实施40多年来,对美国社会尤其是高等教育产生了重大的影响。分析其在美国高等教育内的措施、所追求的核心价值理念,对于我国制定教育公平方面的政策具有启发意义。因此,从分析我国高考招生制度存在问题的角度,有针对性地提出改革的建议。

The “Affirmative Action” is a series of policies and measures that implemented by American government in order to dispel the discrimination in the field of the employment and education, and improve the social economic conditions of minority and woman. Have been implemented for over 40 years, the action has exerted a great influence on the American society, especially to the higher education. Analyzing its measure, key value ideas pursued in American＇s higher education, the action has enlightenment to the establishment of the policy for the education fair in our country. The article analyzes the existing problem of the recruit students system for college entrance examination, and then proposes several suggestions aiming at its reform.