浙江省1997～2006年伤寒副伤寒流行特征分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever From 1997 to 2006 in Zhejiang Province

目的分析1997～2006年浙江省伤寒副伤寒流行特征,为伤寒副伤寒防治提供依据。方法将浙江省历年疫情资料录入EXCEL2003中整理数据后用SPSS12.0进行统计分析。结果浙江省1997～2006年伤寒副伤寒发病率呈现以2004年为高峰的单型变化趋势,地区上仍以沿海地区为高发,发病以春季和夏秋季为主,呈明显的季节性,发病人群构成以农民、学生、工人为主,集中在20～40岁年龄组。爆发疫情以水型为主。病例多为甲型副伤寒。伤寒副伤寒沙门菌主要对磺胺（SD）产生耐药,不同型别沙门菌株对抗菌药物的耐药性有所不同。结论伤寒副伤寒发病率虽呈现逐年下降的趋势,但局部仍有爆发,疫情形势仍不容乐观,甲型副伤寒的发病呈上升趋势,应继续加强疫情监测、健康教育、落实改水改厕等综合措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever from 1997 to 2006 in Zhejiang Province in order to provide evidence for disease control and prevention. Methods The data on epidemic situation of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in the recent 10 years in Zhejiang Province were input into Excel 2003 and analyzed by SPSS 12.0 software. Results The incidence rate of typhoid and paratyphoid fever had a trend of single peak in 2004 from 1997 to 2006 in Zhejiang Province. The high incidence were located on the coastal area; the spring and autumn were the epidemical seasons. The top three occupations by incidence were farmers, students and workers whose ages were mainly from 20 to 40. The water-borne outbreak was the most prevalent. Paratyphoid A was the main type in cases, The different salmonella strains had different drug resistance, the salmonella typhoid and paratyphoid had SD resistance. Conclusion The incidence rate of typhoid and paratyphoid fever declines by years, but the epidemical situation is still severe in local area. The incidence rate of paratyphoid A especially increases. The comprehensive measures should be carried out, including the epidemical surveillance, health education and improvement of drinking water and lavatories.