试论用平行互证法证明同源词

Paronyms Proved by Parallel Mutual Corroboration

"同源词是同一语源的词,这些词的读音相同或相近,词义相同或相关。"〔1〕读音是指词的上古音,词义是指词的本义。《说文解字》是讲本义的书,但是有很多词是用同义词或近义词相训,没有揭示出本义,也就无从探讨同源词。文章引进平行互证法来证明同源词。如果一个词和已知的一组同源词在语音上平行,也就是说,相同或相近,然后推断这个词和这一组同源词在意义上也平行,也就是说,相同或相关。拿这个推断的相同或相关的词义去解释典籍中的用例,如果比《说文解字》所解释的词义有更强的说服力,对词的引申义有更强的提挈力,更契合词的语义、语境,那么,就可以证明这个词和这一组已知的同源词同源。由同源词推断词的本义,由对词的本义的证实确证同源词,二者互相发明,就是平行互证法。

The paronyms whose pronunciations and semantic meanings are close or correlative are the words that derived from the same original. Shuo Wen Jie Zi is a book explaining the original meanings of the words, but many words are explained by synonyms or paronyms, and do not have opened out the original meanings. Therefore, it is difficult for us to ascertain the paronyms. The article introduces parallel mutual corroboration. If the pronunciation of a word is parallel namely close or correlative to the pronunciation of the words which come from the same original, it is supposed that this word has the meaning paralleling to the meanings of the words which have been proved paronyms. If the meaning has stronger explanation power than that in Shuo Wen Jie Zi, it is concluded that this word and the words which have been proved paronyms are from the same origin.