宁夏固原炭山油页岩矿床的主要特征及开发利用前景

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TANSHAN OIL SHALE DEPOSITS IN GUYUAN OF NINGXIA AND EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION

油页岩作为非常规新能源之一,已经受到人们的广泛关注,是目前油气领域里的研究热点。前人及我们最近的研究结果表明:宁夏固原炭山地区存在大量的与煤伴生的油页岩资源。油页岩赋存于中侏罗统延安组之中。成矿环境为内陆湖泊环境。矿区构造为一中度弯曲的复式褶皱,两翼产状角度20°～30°。以纵向正断层为主。油页岩呈层状,有一定规模的油页岩一般分布于煤层的上部或底部;油页岩共8层,总厚度14.4m,含油率为2.7%～11%,发热量2.88～20.98MJ/kg,视比重1.55～2.46,灰分34.30%～83.68%。其中,煤19灰分大于40%,但含油率大于7%,被前人称之为炼油用煤。炭山油页岩宏观上呈黑色,略具油脂光泽。片状、层状构造,参差状、贝壳状断口。硬度小,条痕亮褐色,油脂光泽明显。油页岩矿石和页岩油边际经济的资源量分别为40301万吨、3718.3万吨,达中型规模,目前其经济价值至少在483亿元以上。炭山油页岩含油率高,品质好,资源量级别高,埋藏浅,交通条件好,并且现在已有煤矿正在采煤,可考虑与其联合开发和利用。

Oil shale is regarded as one of new and no-conventionality energyre source, and, it, therefore, had already excited wide attention and became a research hotspot now. It is pointed out that there are abundant resources of oil shale which accompany coal in Tanshan , Guyuan , Ningxia ,West-China. Oil shale were existed in middle-Jurassic（Yanan Fm.） and formed in inner lake. Construction of the oil shale deposit are duplicate folding which is gentle bend and angle commonly is 20°～30° in two-wing of these folds. Longitudinal faults are main. Oil shale displays layer. Most of oil shale layers at a certain scale occur at up or down in coal. There are 8 layer oil shale in the area. The total thickness amounts to 14.4m and the oil-bearing ratio 2.7%-11% , calorific value 2.88-20.98MJ/kg, ash content 34.30%-83.68%, bulk specific gravity 1.55-2.46 in oil shale in the area. Thereinto, ash content is more 40% ,but oil-bearing ratio is more than 7% in coal layer -19. The oil shale appears black, a little lipid luster, piece-layer structure, uneven-conchoid fracture less rigidity, bright brownness striation on which lipid luster is obvious. It is indicated that identified resource of oil shale amounts to 40 301×10^4t（to convert into shale oil is 3 718.3x104t） and is worth 483×10^8 yuan（RMB） at least. Considering that higher oil-bearing ratio , good quality , advantage traffic , higher level of resource and shallow embedding in the oil shale diggings, it is possible exploitation and using of oil shale were proper, the good effect could be gained. In addit;on, Tanshan coal mine company is excavating coal in the area, therefore, it is necessary to unite them for exploiting and using oil shale..