青少年运动员竞赛心理策略的调查与分析

An Investigation and Analysis on the Competitive Psychological Strategy of Teenager Athletes

运用《青少年运动员竞赛心理策略量表》对山东省653名青少年运动员进行心理测试,结果:(1)青少年运动员的竞赛心理策略存在明显的训练水平差异和年龄差异。优秀青少年运动员的竞赛心理策略运用频率和优化程度明显好于准优秀和一般青少年运动员,多项指标差异非常显著。(2)与成年优秀运动员相比,各等级青少年运动员的应对、归因等多项竞赛心理策略均存在不同程度的差距,青少年运动员对竞赛心理策略的运用不尽合理。各级教练员应提高认识,以竞赛策略理论为依据,有意识培养、设计青少年运动员的竞赛策略目标,实施技战术、身体、心理一体化训练。

By employing the competitive psychological strategy measurement table,the authors of this article have conducted a psychological test to 653 teenager athletes in Shandong Province. The results of the test show： （1） there is an evident discrepancy in competitive psychological strategy due to different training-level and age difference for teenager athletes, and the application frequency and the optimization degree of competitive psychological strategy for outstanding teenager athletes are obviously higher than that of sub-outstanding athletes and normal athletes as it is clearly shown from a number of indicators; （2） compared with outstanding adult athletes, there exist various degrees of discrepancy in the competitive psychological strategies such as the responsive and inductive abilities for different teenager athletes,and their application of the strategies seems irrational. Therefore it is recommended that all levels coaches sharpen their recognition of the issue,set aims of competitive strategy designs to cultivate teenager athletes and implement an integrated program of technical, tactical, physical and psychological training according to the theories of competitive psychological strategy.