我国竞技体育人才培养体制探讨——以2006年中国十佳劳伦斯冠军奖获奖运动员为例

A Discussion on the Cultivation System for Athletic Sports Talents in China——With Cases of Athletes Who Are Rewarded as Chinese Top Ten Laurence Champions in 2006

以2006年中国十佳劳伦斯冠军奖获奖的运动员为案例,选取在不同培养体制下具有代表性的三位运动员刘翔、胡凯和丁俊晖为案例分析,研究表明:政府根据各运动项目的特点,主要是市场前景和产业价值,引入市场机制,提高体育资源配置的效率。对于市场前景较好、具有较高的普及性和观赏性,同时对智力要求比较高的项目,在高校学生中比较普及的项目,政府应逐步退出,通过体教结合的培养体制培养竞技体育后备人才。对于市场前景较差、难以进行产业化运作的项目,但是我国的优势传统项目(如举重),应采取举国体制的培养方式;如果是我国竞技水平很低的个人项目(如台球),可以交给家庭或社会举办,同时政府给予扶持。

With cases of athletes who are rewarded as the Chinese top ten Lawrence champions in 2006, the authors choose three representative athletes, Liu Xiang, Hu Kai and Ding Jun-hui,grown under different systems of training,as case analysis. The study suggests that the government should introduce the market mechanism and improve the efficiency of resource distribution of sports from the aspect of market prospect and industry values according to the various characteristics of all sport events. As for those events with better market prospect, broader popularization, especially among college students, higher appreciative value and higher expectations for intelligence, the government should withdraw from them progressively and cultivate the athletic talents reserve by a system which combines sports with education. For those events which have poor market prospect and are difficult to operate as industrialization, but are of national traditional advantageous events,such as weight lifting, the government should adopt the training mode of state system. If it is the kind of individual event with low competitive level in China,such as the billiard,the government should let families or the society take care of it,while just giving some support at the same time.