世界深水油气勘探现状及面临的挑战

Deepwater oil and gas exploration status and challenges in the world

分析了世界深水油气勘探现状。指出,由于陆地和浅水石油勘探程度较高,油气产量已接近峰值。世界新增油气储量已由陆地、浅水转向广阔的深水水域。近年全球获得的重大勘探发现中,有近50%来自深水水域。深水海域探明储量约为1000×108t油当量。墨西哥湾、巴西海域、西非海域以及被称为第2个波斯湾的南中国海是最有希望的深水油气区。为了开发南海深水油气资源,中海油总公司已迈出了重要的一步。笔者重点介绍了能适应深水勘探的主要钻井设备的研发现状,世界主要的钻井承包商及其市场占有情况,深水设备的日费以及使用情况。最后分析了世界深水勘探中所面临的挑战和技术难题,以及解决的方法。

This paper analyzes the status of oil and gas exploration in deepwater in the world,and points out that oil and gas production from land and shallow water had approximately near their peaks.Newly increased oil and gas reserves have transferred from land and shallow water to deepwater area.In recent years,almost half of the important discoveries around the world have been found in deepwater.The proved reserves in deepwater area are about 100 billions tons of oil equivalent.Gulf of Mexico,Brazil Sea,West Africa Sea,and South China Sea where is called a second Persian Gulf are among the most prospective deepwater oil and gas zones.CNOOC has made an important progress in South China Sea deepwater exploitation.This paper introduces the situation about drilling equipment,main drilling contractors and their marketing conditions as well as daily charges of deepwater drilling ship or platform,and finally analyzes the challenges and technical problems facing deepwater exploration and the solving methods.