论基因兴奋剂的类型和预防

Study on the Categories and Prevention of Gene Doping

当前的世界反兴奋剂工作取得了长足的进步,传统的兴奋剂,如刺激剂、合成代谢类激素内固醇等都逃不出被检测出来的命运,也正是因为这些传统的兴奋剂得到了有效的控制,一些运动员转而寻求其他方法来提高运动成绩,基因兴奋剂就是其中可能的选择之一。世界反兴奋剂组织(WADA)定义基因兴奋剂为非治疗目的使用提高运动能力的基因、遗传构件和(或)细胞。近年来,基因疗法取得长足的发展,如用来治疗贫血的促红细胞生成素基因(EPO),治疗重症肌无力的胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)基因等,这些技术同样可能被作为基因兴奋剂而滥用。因此,尽快制定法律法规、研究检测基因兴奋剂的方法、保护运动员的健康和比赛的公正性是十分必要和紧迫的。就兴奋剂的发展史、可能的几种基因兴奋剂、防止滥用等进行了阐述。

As current anti-doping programs are making progress, the most frequently used doping,such as stimulants and anabolic steroids can be detected readily. As a result of these conventional doping means being controlled effectively, some athletes seek for other methods to improve their performance. Gene doping is one of possible choices. Gene or cell doping is defined by the World Anti-Doping Agency （WADA） as ＂the non-therapeutic use of genes, genetic elements and/or cells that have the capacity to enhance athletic performance＂. In recent years,gene therapy has shown progress and positive results that have brought about the potential misuse of the technology. Gene therapies have been developed for the treatment of diseases such as anemia （the gene for erythropoietin）,muscular dystrophy （the gene for insulin-like growthfactor-1）, and so on. In order to protect the athletes＇ health and to ensure equal competitiveness, it is necessary to establish timely legal regulations and research for the means of detecting gene doping. This paper reviews the history of doping and elaborates on several potential kinds of gene doping and methods of prevention of the abuse of gene doping.