竞技体育运动中兴奋剂问题的心理探析

A Psychological Analysis of the Dope Issue in Competitive Sports

竞技运动中的兴奋剂问题,是体育异化的产物,一直是困扰体坛的棘手问题。从心理角度探析竞技运动中使用兴奋剂原因,可归结为三个层面:1)社会环境原因,从宏观来说,运动兴奋剂的迅速发展与当代社会政治、经济、文化、科技的大背景有密切联系;从微观来说榜样的作用及社会压力也起着推波助澜的作用。2)身体方面的需要,如使用兴奋剂有减轻疼痛、加速损伤和疲劳恢复、调节能量与激活水平、控制体重等功效,鼓励了运动员使用兴奋剂。3)个体心理因素,如惧怕失败、缺乏自信、超人情结、追求完美、对兴奋剂的心理依赖及成功所带来的名利双收刺激下追求成就的强烈欲望,这些都是驱使运动员使用兴奋剂的诱因。鉴于上述原因,为捍卫奥林匹克运动的纯洁性,呼吁各级政府在完备法律、加大惩戒力度的同时,还要加强宣传教育,使人们认识到服用兴奋剂的严重危害,呼吁运动员要切实关心自身健康,消除功利思想,全社会动员起来,共同抑制这一“毒瘤”蔓延。

The dope problem in sport, which is the outcome of athletic alienation, has been a tough problem that has puzzled the sport world all the time. This paper discusses and analyses the reasons for doping in the competitive sports from the angle of psychology. They can be summarized into three main factors. The first factor is the social milieu. In view of macro aspect, the quick development of doping is closely related with the background of politics, economy, culture, science and technology. In view of the micro aspect, the influence of popular people and social pressure has also played a role. The second factor is the demand from the body. When doping can ease the ache,accelerate the recovery from damage and fatigue, regulate body energy,activate the energy level and control body weight,athletes may be encouraged to use the dope. The third factor is a psychological factor of individuals, such as fear of failure,lacking of self-confidence, the superman complex, pursue of perfection, the mental dependence on doping and the strong desire to seek success ,which are all the inducement that could make an athlete use the dope. Owing to the above--mentioned reasons, in order to defend the purity of the Olympic sports, it is strongly suggested government at all levels make relative laws to resist doping phenomenon,and at the same time public education be strengthened to make people realize the danger of doping. Meanwhile,all athletes should be concerned with their own health and get rid of any utilitarian thoughts so that this ＂cancer＂ can be inhibited from spreading through the joint efforts of the whole sociaty.