农村公共品供给效率实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Efficiency of Rural Public Goods Provision

运用公共服务满意度理论对农村公共品供给效率进行评价研究。研究认为,效率既是主体行为结果的投入产生的比较效果,又是一个对于主体行为而言的相对概念。农村公共品供给效果,既包括物质性效果,也包括精神效果,即公共品受众的感觉效果。在农村公共品供给效率评价中,从农民主体而言,只有农民认为有用的公共品,才是有效率的。相反,即使政府反复认定有用并强制去供给的公共品,当农民认为没有用时,农民依然感觉它是无效率的。利用126个乡(镇)农户对农村公共品供给效率"满意度"评价(CSI)抽样调查数据,运用CSI-Probit回归模型对农户的农村公共品供给效率"满意度"及其影响因素进行了实证分析,得出:当CSI值处于同一类型的市(州)时,其影响因素表现出明显的共性特征。总体而言,CSI的主要影响来自农民受教育年限、医疗可及性、农民收入水平、农户有效灌溉面积率、农户距乡镇政府的距离、农林技术站服务次数以及被调查者年龄等因素。

With the theory of public service satisfaction, this paper explores to evaluate the efficiency of public goods provision in rural areas. In this paper, the efficiency is not only taken as the comparative effectiveness of the outcome of agents' inputs, but also as a relative concept in terms of agents' behaviour. The effect of rural public goods provision includes both physical effect and mental effect, that is, the public's feelings of rural public goods provision. When the rural public goods provision is evaluated, from the position of farmers, only when farmers think the public goods are useful, they are efficient. Instead, even some public goods are addressed as useful to farmers over and over by government, they are inefficient if farmers feel them useless. In this paper, CSI-Probit regression model is used to make a empiried analysis of farmers' satisfaction and its impact factors of rural public goods supply, with a sample of 126 township farmers. The results show that the values of CSI in the same type of cities (prefectures) and its impact factors take up obvious common characteristics. Overall the main CSI's impact factors are from farmers' education level, farmers' health care, farmers' income level, farmers' effective irrigation area ratio, the distance from township government, the service frequency of agro-forestry technical station,and the age of respondents and so on.