公共教育资源配置失衡及其政策补给——以湘南H区2005年的相关教育数据为分析样本

Imbalance in Public Educational Resource Distribution and its Policy Provision——Taking the H District of Xiangnan as an Example

教育公平一直以来是中国公共管理领域重点讨论的话题。公共教育资源分配不均衡和教育服务的不充分与不对等是造成教育不公的主要原因。以2005年湘南H区义务教育状况为样本,运用实地调查和统计分析的研究方法,从教育财政资源、教师资源、学生资源三个方面分析了当前地方公共教育资源配置失衡的状况及其原因。由于长期实行城市偏向的教育政策和重点校制度,形成了农村教育和城市教育以及"重点学校"和"普通学校"的天壤之别,从而导致了公共教育资源配置失衡和公共教育的不平等。因此,要最终促进公共教育的均衡发展和公共教育服务的均等化供给,必须纠正原有的政策偏差,进一步统筹城乡发展,加大农村教育投入力度,确保农村教育投入的优先性;必须打破原有办学特权,实现办学点和生源的均衡配置;必须实施鼓励和优惠政策,避免城乡教育"马太效应"的持续恶化。

Education equity has been the focus in the field of China's public management. The public educational resource distribution imbalance and the inadequate and unmatched educational services are the root of education inequity. Taking the compulsory education status of the H district of Xiangnan in 2005 as a sample, with field survey and statistical analysis, this paper analyzes the current local imbalance in educational resource distribution and its causes from three aspects of financial resource, teacher resource, and student resource. It is known that in China the urban bias education policy and key-school system have been carried out for such a long time, which has resulted in the huge differences between rural and urban education, as well as between key and ordinary schools. Meanwhile, it leads to the imbalance in public educational resource distribution and the inequity in public education. Therefore, in order to ultimately promote the balanced development of public education and the equal supply of public education service, it is necessary to correct the deviations of original policy, further coordinate urban and rural development, increase input in rural education and ensure the priority of the input in rural education; moreover,it is important to break original school privileges and to achieve a balanced distribution of schools and students; finally, it is essential to implement preferential policies and meanwhile to avoid the continually deterioration of the Matthew Effect between urban and rural education.