二氧化硫对小麦玉米的急慢性伤害研究

Studies on Chronic and Acute Injury of SO 2 to Wheat and Corn

采用开顶式熏气装置进行ＳＯ２对小麦、玉米的伤害试验研究。结果表明，在小麦返青至灌浆期，用ＳＯ２浓度为０．３２２ｍｇｍ－３处理的小麦出现了伤害症状。长时间用浓度为０．３２２，０．２１１和０．１２２ｍｇｍ－３ＳＯ２处理的小麦比对照分别减产２４％，１９％和１３％．在不同生育期不同浓度ＳＯ２对小麦表观光合作用速率及叶片含硫量都有影响。玉米急性伤害的临界剂量为２．５０ｍｇｍ－３×４ｈ，４．９２ｍｇｍ－３×２ｈ，７．３８ｍｇｍ－３×１ｈ，阈值为５．９０ｍｇｍ－３×８ｈ，６．４９ｍｇｍ－３×６ｈ，１１．８０ｍｇｍ－３×４ｈ，１５．００ｍｇｍ－３×２ｈ，１７．００ｍｇｍ－３×１ｈ．

The Open Top Chamber was adapted for SO 2 fumigation.The experiment results showed:wheats treated by 0 322mg·m -3 SO 2 appeared injury symptoms from the turning green stage to the milking stage.When the long-time fumigation concentrations of SO 2 were 0 322mg·m -3 ,0 211mg·m -3 and 0 122mg·m -3 ,the yields of wheats decreased by 24%,19% and 13%as compared with control test,respectively.Different concentrations of SO 2 fumigation affectcd apparent photosynthetic efficiencies of wheats and total amount of sulfur in their leaves at different growth periods.The critical doses of corn acute injury were 2 50mg·m -3 ×4h,4 92mg·m -3 ×2h and 7 38mg·m -3 ×1h and the thresholds were 5 90mg·m -3 ×8h,6 49mg·m -3 ×6h,11 80mg·m -3 ×4h,15 00mg·m -3 ×2h and 17 00mg·m -3 ×1h.