16—18世纪的大西洋贸易与现代早期世界经济的不平衡发展

The Atlantic Trade in 16-18th Centuries and the Imbalance Development of Early Modern World Economy

16—18世纪的大西洋贸易既包括传统意义上的三角贸易和较少为学界关注的新英格兰、非洲、西印度间的三角贸易,还包括许多直接贸易渠道。通过大西洋贸易,西欧一些国家,特别是英法获得了巨额利润,积累了大量资本,工业经济迅速发展,逐渐成长为现代早期世界经济的中心。而非洲和美洲,特别是非洲和拉丁美洲,却受制于大西洋贸易,日益沦落为世界经济的边缘。不过,在很大程度上由大西洋贸易和西欧经济强国自身经济发展要素机制所决定的现代早期世界经济的不平衡发展,并不仅仅表现为卷入大西洋贸易的西欧中心地区与边缘地区间的不平衡发展,还表现为中心地区和边缘地区内部的各自不平衡发展。

The Atlantic trade in 16-18th centuries included not only the traditional triangle trade and the triangle trade in New England, Africa and the West India, but also many direct trade channels. The Atlantic trade brought substantive profits to western European countries, especially England and France, who rolled up a great deal of capitals, developed fast their industrial economy, and soon became the centre of early modern world economy. While Africa and America, especially Africa and Latin America, were enslaved to the Atlantic trades, and driven onto the periphery of early modern world economy. However, the early imbalance development of the world＇s economy, decided by the Atlantic trade and the western European countries＇ intrinsic essences, refers not only to the imbalance between the western European economic centre and the peripheral district, but also the internal imbalance development of centre and the peripheral districts respectively.