自制机械祛栓器械治疗急性大块肺动脉栓塞的实验研究

The primary experimental study of self-made percutaneous catheterized thrombectomy device for acute massive pulmonary embolism

目的检测自制机械祛栓器在动物体内应用的祛栓效能、可行性和安全性。方法杂种犬7只,采用经股静脉插管至一侧肺动脉主干后注入血栓制作急性大块肺动脉栓塞模型,模型制作成功半小时后开始进行祛栓,入路分别采取经右股静脉5只,左股静脉、右侧颈内静脉各1只。记录祛栓时间和抽出血液量;并行血管造影,肺动脉压测定;血气测定;动物在祛栓2h后处死。结果1只犬在祛栓过程中损伤肺动脉引起出血死亡,6只均顺利完成本实验。平均祛栓干预时间为2.4min,收集的血液平均为84ml;祛栓后中央肺动脉基本通畅;肺动脉压均可降至正常水平;血气也大部恢复正常水平;病理切片显示祛栓后被栓塞中央动脉腔通畅。结论实验初步证实本器械在急性大块肺栓塞的祛栓治疗中是可行的,基本上安全。

Objective To evaluate efficacy, feasibility and safety of the self-made percutaneous catheterized thrombectomy divice in animal model for thrombus removal. Methods Seven dogs were selected, with acute massive pulmonary embolism animal models created by injecting thrombi into the pulmonary arterial trunk via percutaneous femoral vein approach. After half an hours the catheter sheath was inserted into the occluded pulmonary artery through right femoral vein in 5 dogs, left femoral vein in 1 dog and right internal jugular vein in another one. The procedure began to remove the thrombi with simultaneous recording the thrombectomy time and the blood volume drainage. Blood gass was tested before and after embolization together with those of thrombi removement, continuously monitored pulmonary arterial pressure and intermittently performed angiography. The mean time form vascular reeanalization to euthanasia was 2 hours, and then the lung specimens were resected for histological examination. Results One animal died of pulmonary arterial penetration during thrombi removal, but others were all alive by the end of the test. Mean time of removing thrombi was 2.4 minutes with mean volume blood drainage of 84 ml. Angiograms showed the approximately complete patency of the pulmonary arterial trunk after reopenning of occlusion but still with remnont thrombi within distal branches and arterial pressure with blood gas returned to normal level. Pathology revealed the reeanalization of pulmonary arterial trunk but with thromi still staying in the distal branches, and effusion around the arteries. Conclusions The self-made percutaneous catheterized thrombectomy device is effective, feasible and comparatively safe in the treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism in this primary test.