枯草芽孢杆菌和丙环唑对采后苹果炭疽病的防治效果

Influence of Propiconazole and Bacillus subtitle B-24 on the Control Effect of Postharvest Anthracnonse of Apple Fruit

研究了离子束诱变的枯草芽孢杆菌B-24和丙环唑等对苹果采后炭疽病的防治效果及其几种防御酶活性的影响。结果表明:丙环唑对苹果炭疽病菌丝有明显的抑制效果,抑制浓度EC50为0.067μg/mL。代森锰锌的抑制作用最弱,其EC50为1806.984μg/mL。不同化学药剂和不同浓度的药剂之间,对苹果炭疽病的保护防效有显著差异。丙环唑对苹果炭疽病的防效最好,对寄主酶活的诱导作用也最强,能诱导苹果果实POD和PPO活性显著升高。代森锰锌防效差,POD活性和对照接近。同一药剂,浓度高的防效好,果实中酶活性也高。枯草芽孢杆菌在离体条件下活菌液对苹果炭疽病菌的抑制效果最好,抑制率为100%,表现出明显的拮抗作用。活体试验表明枯草芽孢杆菌能明显减轻苹果果实炭疽病的发生,接种枯草芽孢杆菌能诱导苹果果实POD和PPO活性的升高。

The influence of propiconazole and Bacillus subtitle B-24 on the control effect of post harvest anthrancnose of apple fruit and activities of POD and PPO were studied, respectively. Bioassay results showed that propiconazole could inhibit the growth of the hypha of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Effective concentration （ EC50 ） of mancozeb and propiconazole to inhibit the growth of hypha was 1 806. 984 μg/mL and 0. 067 μg/mL, respectively. Post harvest apple fruits were treated with chemical or biological methods respectively. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis B-24 and propiconazole had good control effect to apple anthracnose, there were significant difference（ P = 0.05 ） comparing with CK, the decay incidence was low and lesion diameter was small. While the control effects of mancozeb was not obvious. In addition, the activities of POD and PPO in apple fruits with different treatments were measured. The results indicated that the propiconazole and Bacillus subtitle B-24 had induced effect on these two enzymes to some extent. With the rise of the activity, the resistance of host became strong, which could defend infection and expansion of pathogen.