溶剂气浮分离法的基础研究

BASIC STUDY ON SEPARATION MECHANISM OF SOLVENT SUBLATION

本文研究了待分离物呈表面活性物系(甲基橙-十六烷基氯化吡啶、十六烷基氯化吡啶)和呈疏水性物系(铜-二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠、镍-丁二酮肟)的溶剂气浮变化规律,红外光谱分析表明,分离效率的高低与有机相和气浮分离物相互作用的强弱不相关,通过高速摄影及计算证明,水相和有机相两相界面间有稳定的气泡层存在,它一方面使待分离物质在水相中的停留时间大大增加,另一方面又保护了已捕集的待分离物质,从而增加了气泡吸附总量,在所研究的溶剂气浮体系中,气泡吸附单元是决定分离效率的关键.总的溶剂气浮过程满足一级动力学方程,其过程的表观活化能可作为衡量溶剂气浮过程分离效率的特征参数,表观活化能取决于待分离物质的表面活性,可借用疏水平衡值HLP来反映,表观活化能愈小,其待分离物质的表面活性愈高(HLP值愈小),而气泡吸附量和分离效率则增加.

Twe types of sublates, surface-active substance (MO-HPC, HPC) and hydrophobic substances (Cu-DDTC. Ni-BDODO) a the objects of the solvem sublation were researched. The results of IR analysis showed that the separation efficiency of the S. S. was independent of the interreaction between sublate and organic solvent. The bubble absorption of the S. S. was the key to separation efficiency. The S. S. processes of the sublates was obedience to first order kinetics. A new characteristic parameter, apparent nervation energy of attachment of the sublate to bubble, had been proposed to describe the separation efficiency of the solvent sublation. The value of Ef depended on the grade of surface activity of the sublate so that the HLB value of the sublate was used for a judgement of Ef that the less HLB was, the higher surface activity and the lower Ef were, the larger bubble adsorpion capacity and the hihger separation efficiency reached.