1So A, Gleave M, Hurtado - Col A, et al. Mechanisms of the development of androgen independence in prostate cancer[ J]. World J Urol,2005,239( 1 ) : 1-9.
2Scher HI, Liebertz C, Kelly WK, et al. Bicalutamide for advanced prostate cancer: the natural versus treated history of disease [ J ]. J Clin Oncol, 1997, 15 ( 8 ) : 2928- 2938.
3Joyce R, Fenton MA, Rode P, et al. High dose bicalutamide for androgen independent prostate cancer: effect of prior hormonal therapy [ J ]. J Urol, 1998, 159 ( 1 ) : 149- 153.
4Kanthoff PW, Halabi S, Conaway M, et al. Hydrocortisone with or without mitoxantrone in men with hormone -refractory prostate cancer: results d the Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9182 Study [ J ]. J Clin Oncol, 1999,17(8) :2506-2513.
5Tannock IF,de Wit R,Berry WR,et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer [J]. New Engl J Med, 2004, 351 (15): 1502-1512.
6Petrylak DP, Tangen CM, Hussain MH, et al. Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer[ J]. New Engl J Med ,2004,351 (15) : 1513-1520.
7Bubley GJ,Carducci M,Dahut W,et al. Eligibility and response guidelines for phase Ⅱ clinical trials in androgen - independent prostate cancer: recommendations from the Prostate- Specific Antigen Working Group [J]. J Clin Oncol, 1999,17 (11) :3461- 3467.
8Beer TM, Garzotto M, Henner WD, et al. Multiple cycles of intermittent chemotherapy in metastatic androgen - independent prostare cancer[J]. Br J Cancer,2004,91 (8) : 1425-1427.
9Sternberg CN, Hetherington J, Paluchowska B, et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ trial of a new oral platinum, satraplatin ( JM - 216 ) plus prednisone or prednisone alone in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer[ J]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol,2003,22 : abstract 1586.
10Porter AT,McEwan AJ,Powe JE,et al. Resuits of a randomized phase Ⅲ trial to eval- uate the efficacy of strontium - 89 adjuvant to local field external beam irradiation in the management of endocrine resistant metastatic prostate cancer [ J ]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,1993,25(5) :805-813.
8Karynsa Cetin, Jennifer L Beebe - Dimmer, Jan P. Fryzek, et, al. Recent time trends in the epidemiology of stase IV prostate cancer in the United States: Analysis of date from the surveillance ,epidemiology ,and end results program [ J ]. Urology ,2010 (75) : 1 396 - 1 405.
9Janet L Colli. The effect of prostate cancer screening on stage IV disease in America [J]. Int Urol Nephrol, 2011 (43):391 - 396.
10Fberechukwu Onukwugha,C. Daniel Mullins,Van Doren Hsu. Effect of Urologists and Medical Oncologists on Treatment of Elderly Men with Stage IV Prostate Cancer [J]. Urology,2011 (77) : 1 088 - 1 096.
