云冈筑堡与古寺衰微

The Fortifications at The Yungang Grottoes and The Decline of The Ancient Buddhist Monastery

本文考证了云冈筑堡的历史,有助于我们了解云冈石窟走向衰微的历史过程。云冈堡为明嘉靖、万历年间建筑的一座军事堡垒,嘉靖云冈堡由云冈山前旧有的"石佛寺"堡改建,万历二年又在山上筑堡,形成上、下堡相连的封闭式防守体系。清以后废为民堡。这座军堡的兴废历史,也是石窟寺走向衰落的历史。

This article examines the history of the fortifications at the site of the Yungang Grottoes, which helps us to understand the decline of the Yungang Grottoes. Construction of a military fortification at the Yungang Grottoes began in the Jiajing and Wanli reigns of the Ming Dynasty (1522~1620), and was actually a remodelling of the old monastery named Shifosi (Stone Buddha Temple) which had long stood in front of the Yungang cliff. In the second year of Wanli (1574), a second fort was constructed on the top of the cliff. The two fortifications formed a close line of defence from the foot of the cliff to the top. From the Qing Dynasty onwards, the fortified buildings reverted to civilian use. The rise and subsequent decline of the fortifications reflect the history of the decline of the cave temples.