稠油乳状液及稠油破乳脱水问题

Viscous Crude Oil Emulsions and Demulsification/Dehydration

简述了胶质、沥青质在石油胶体(原油)和原油乳状液中的作用。讨论了胜利孤东、孤岛、单家寺、草桥,渤海绥中36-1等重质高黏原油及哈得4高黏原油中沥青质、胶质、蜡含量与原油物性之间的关系,这些原油与水形成的乳状液的特点和稳定性,这些原油脱水所用破乳剂的类型、代号、用量及脱水温度。指出具有多支链、星形结构的高分子量聚醚或其扩链产物是稠油的高效破乳剂。

The functions of resins and asphaltenes in petroleum colloids and crude oil emulsions are presented concisely. For heavy and viscosus crude oils of Gudong, Gudao, Shanjiasi, and Cacqiao oil fields in Shengli and of oil field Suizhong-36-1 in Bohai and viscous crude oil of oil field Hade-4, the relationships between physical properties and asphaltene, resin, and wax contents, the formation and stability of emulsions with water, and the types, trademarks, use levels, and dehydration temperatures of demulsifiers are analyzed and presented. It is stated that chainbranched and starlike polyethers of higher molar mass and/or their chain extended products appear to be highly effective demulsifiers for viscous crude oils.