桃不同种质资源成熟果实葡萄糖、果糖含量比例研究

Study on glucose/fructose in fruit of peach germplasm resources

以北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所国家桃种质资源圃144份桃资源为试验材料，利用高效液相色谱仪于2003、2004连续2年对其成熟果实的葡萄糖、果糖含量进行了测定。发现其中104份果实的葡萄糖和果糖含量比例接近1，包括91个育成品种、1个近缘种山桃和12个地方品种。另外，40份种质中的38份果实的葡萄糖和果糖含量比为1．38～22．21，为低果糖类型，其中包括2个原产中国的桃的近缘种，4个野生种质和23个桃地方品种，说明在野生桃中存在低果糖基因。由于果糖在甜风味中贡献最大，因此在选择桃野生种质或地方品种作为杂交育种亲本时，可优先考虑葡萄糖／果糖接近1的桃种质，例如：乌桃、香蕉桃、吊枝白、山桃、黄金蟠桃、小红花、长生蟠桃、白芒蟠桃、陈圃蟠桃、撒花红蟠桃、早生黄金、秋宝殊、莱山蜜等。2年的试验结果表明，桃种质资源的特性稳定在葡萄糖／果糖接近1或低果糖型的类型，而低果糖型种质的葡萄糖／果糖值不同年份间差异较大。

In order to study the glucose/fructose in fruits of different peach germplasms, we used 144 peach resources from the Research Institute of Pomology and Forestry, Beijing Academy of Agricultural Science as materials. In 2003 and 2004, glucose and fructose were extracted and analyzed. One hundred and four peach germplasms had nearly equal glucose and fructose, the content of fructose in 38 peach germplasms, including 2 Chinese wild relatives 4 Chinese wild types and 23 local varieties, was low. The analysis showed that there are low fructose genes in wild peaches. Because the contribution of fructose is biggest in sweet flavor,so when Chinese wild types and local varieties were used as hybrid parents, the germplasm with equal glucose and fructose should be first used, such as Wutao, Xiangjiaotao, Diaozhibai, Shantao, Huangjinpantao, Xiaohongtao, Changshengpantao, Baimangpantao, Chenpupantao, Sahuahongpantao. Zaoshenghuangjin, Qiubaozhu and Laishanmi. The characteristic of nearly equal glucose and fructose or tow fructose was stable in two years, but the glucose/fructose of peach germplasm resources with low fructose were different in two years.