渗漏型蒸渗仪对梭梭和柠条蒸腾蒸发的研究

A STUDY OF EVAPORTRANSPIRATION OF HALOXYLON AMMODENDRON AND CARAGANA KORSHINSKII BY DRAINAGE WATER LYSIMETERS

利用非称量蒸渗仪对梭梭、柠条的蒸散进行了研究，结果表明：3年生的梭梭的单株蒸散量是515．3mm，3年生柠条的单株蒸散量是499．1mm。供水量和蒸散量之间存在着一定的正相关关系。3年生和2年生梭梭的单株平均蒸腾量分别是105．8mm和202.77mm；3年生和2年生柠条的单株平均蒸腾量分别为120．67mm和128．72mm。在3种供水条件下，柠条的蒸腾量都是梭梭的81％左右。在水分充足的情况下，梭梭和柠条的蒸腾量呈单峰曲线；在土壤水分亏缺的情况下，它们的蒸腾量呈双峰曲线。在干旱胁迫情况下，柠条和梭梭的蒸腾量与土壤含水率之间存在着极显著的线性关系，它们分别是:ET＝－33．29＋3217.93x（r＝0.8643）和ET＝－35．63＋1674．42x（r＝0．8273）。全年的沙面蒸发量是104.6mm-131．6mm，6－9月份的沙面蒸发量占全年沙面蒸发量的76．84％。沙面蒸发呈明显的双峰曲线。在供水条件下，沙面蒸发量随供水量的增加而增大。在无供水条件下，降水量的90．88％用于蒸发，9．12％保留于土壤中。对3年3个不同供水量蒸渗仅实测值进行多因子回归分析,得出沙面蒸发量与环境因子的关系：Ee＝－42．5131＋730．2497x1＋0．7422x2＋0．5494x3．其中Ee为月蒸发量，x1为0—40cm沙层月均含水率，x2为月均日辐射强度，x3为某月日平?

The evapotranspiration of Halonxylon ammodendron and Caragana korshinskii wasmeasured by drainage water lys1meter. The resu1t showed that three year old Halorylonammodendron had an amount of evapotranspiration of 515. 3 mm;three year old Cara-gana korshinskii had an amount of evapotranspiration of 499. 1 mm. There was a linearrelationship between water supply and amount of evapotranspiration. The averageamount of transpiration of 3 year old and 2 year old Haloxylon ammodendron wererespactively 105. 8 mm and 202. 77 mm. The average transpiration of 3 year old 2 yearold Caragana korshinskii were respactively 120.67 mm and 128. 72 mm. 3 differentamount of water were supplied to each species,the amount of transpiration of Caraganakorshinskii was consistently 81% of that of Haloxylon ammodendron. When the soil hadenough moisture,the amount of transpiration of Haloxylon ammodendron and Caragana korshinskii were shown as curves with single peak; When the soil lacked moisture,theamount of transpiration of Haloxylon ammodendron and Caragana korshinskii had linearrelationships with moisture content in the soil:Et= - 35. 63+ 1674. 42x(r= 0. 8237),Et= - 33. 29+ 3217. 93x(r= 0. 8463).The annual evaporation from the sand-surface was 104. 6 mm. The evaporation inthe months of June to September,accounting for 76. 84% of the annual evaporation. Theamount of evaportion from the sand-surface showed as a curve with double peaks. Thegreater the water supply,the stronger the evaporation amount from sand-surface. Whenno water was supplied, 90. 88 % of the rainfall was evaporated,about 9. 12% remained inthe soil. We discovered a linear equation between amount of evaporation and some envi-ronmental factors using the data meaured by 3 drainage water lysimeters over a 3 yearperiod: Ee = - 42. 5131 + 730. 2497x1 + 0.7422x2 + 0. 5493x3, Ee: monthly evaporationamount,x1 natural average moisture content in 0- 40 cm layer of the soil,x2 =daily aver-age sun radiation,x3:average monthly temperature.