北京市房山区1958-2006年猩红热流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Scarlatina in Fangshan District of Beijing from 1958 to 2006

目的分析48年来北京市房山区猩红热的流行特征，探讨房山区猩红热的防治对策。方法对房山区1958—2006年猩红热流行病学资料进行描述性分析。结果房山区1958—2006年共发生猩红热3527例，平均发病率11．27／10万，死亡5例，病死率0．14％，发病率最高达65．17／10万。1980年代中期以前曾经有过较大强度的流行，1980年代中期以后以散发为主，发病率基本在10．00／10万以下。全年各月均有病例发生，但以冬春季为主；平原发病高于山区、半山区；发病人群集中在0～19岁，职业以学生、散居儿童和幼托儿童为主；进入1990年代后房山区猩红热发病年龄以及职业构成发生变化，学龄前儿童及幼托儿童发病人数较以往增多（P〈0．001）。结论房山区猩红热流行总体呈下降趋势，应采取以少年儿童为重点人群的综合防治措施，有效地降低猩红热的发病率。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of scarlatina in Fangshan district , and to institute preventive and curative measures. Methods Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data of scarlatina in Fangshan district from 1958 to 2006. Results 3 527 cases of scarlatina were reported with 5 deaths from 1958 to 2006. The incidence rate was 11.27/100 000 ,the highest was 65. 17/100 000 ,and the average mortality was 0. 14%. Before 1985, there was a major intensive epidemic of scarlatina in Fangshan. After 1985, sporadic occurrence of scarlatina became the major trend and the incidence rate always stayed below 10. 00/100 000. Cases occurred each month and converged in winter and spring. The incidence rate in plain areas was higher than that in mountain and semi - mountain areas. The sick people were mainly children aged 0 - 19 whose occupations were students, scattered children and children in nursery schools. The age and occupation structure of people with scarlatina changed after 1990＇ s in Fangshan. The proportion of preschool and nurs- ery school children increased（ P 〈0. 001 ）. Conclusion The prevalence of scarlatina has been on a decreasing trend. Ef- fective measures should be taken among children and youth in order to control its incidence rate.