骨形态发生蛋白-羟基磷灰石人工听骨的实验研究

Experimental Study of Ossicular Prostheses of Mixed Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Hydroxyapatite

目的寻找一种理想的生物人工听骨。方法用骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)复合多孔羟基磷灰石(HA)听骨,植入兔的听泡内置换兔锤砧骨,重建听骨链。分别于术后1,2,4,8,12,16周处死动物,取材作大体及组织病理学观察,了解该种新型听骨(BMP-HA)的成骨效应,并与单纯HA材料听骨相比较。结果BMP-HA听骨植入兔听泡后4周,人工听骨表面被覆与正常粘膜结构一致的上皮细胞,鼓膜面周围有大量间充质细胞生长;12周时在鼓膜与听骨之间有软骨形成,16周发现有新骨生成。各时间组植入材料与听泡骨壁之间无过度纤维组织增生。对照组未见新骨生成。两组材料各期均无明显炎症反应。结论BMP-HA人工听骨是一种具有较强骨诱导能力、生物相容性良好的人工听骨,作为中耳传音结构重建材料,优于单纯羟基磷灰石人工听骨。

Objective To study the biocompatible osteoinduction of mixed bone morphogenetic protein and hydroxyapatite （BMP-HA） in middle ears of rabbits as ossicular prostheses. Methods The biomaterial BMP-HA and HA were implanted in the middle ear of rabbits, and the specimens were collected in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th week. The appearance of those speciments was observed by light microscopy. Results There was extensive proliferation of mesenchymal cells around the grafted materials, and those epithelial cells covering the prostheses were similar to the epithelium of the normal middle ear in the 4th and 8th week postoperatively in BMP-HA group. Cartilage was found in the 12th week after BMP-HA implantation, and the new bone was found binding with grafted material closely in BMP- HA group in the 16th week. In the control group, the new cartilage tissue and new bone were not found. There was no evidence of inflammation reaction of foreign body in the host tissues adjacent to the BMP-HA or HA. Conclusion BMP- HA is a biocompatible artificial bone material which has the osteoinduction ability, and BM-HA prostheses composition performs better than HA alone.