海南岛翼手目物种多样性的初步调查

A preliminary survey on species diversity of chiroptera in Hainan island

2007年7-9月,采用野外调查的方法,对海南岛翼手目物种多样性进行了初步的调查,共采集到样本4科7属15种,占海南岛翼手目记录种类的58%,中国翼手目种类的12%,具有比较高的翼手目多样性,其Shannon-Weiner指数(H′)为2.0956,Pielou指数(J)为0.7738.在所采集的翼手目中,洞穴型蝙蝠占优势,有12种,占样本总种数的80%,其Shannon-Weiner指数和Pielou指数分别为1.9337和0.7141.采集到大足鼠耳蝠(Myotis ricketti)为中国特有种,犬蝠(Cynopterus sphinx)被列入《中国濒危红皮书》,中蹄蝠(Hipposideros larvatus)和普通长翼蝠(Miniopterus schreibersi)被列入《中国物种红色名录》中的易危(VU)种,大菊头蝠(Rhinolophusluctus)、中菊头蝠(R.affinis)和犬蝠被列入《中国物种红色名录》的近危(NT)种,几乎符合易危(VU)种.最后对区系分布及栖息类型,物种多样性指数、均匀度指数作出讨论,并提出对翼手目物种的保护建议.

An investigation on species diversity of Chiroptera was conducted in Hainan island from July to September in 2007. According to this investigation, a total of 15 species belonging to 7 genera and 4 families were found, which was 58% of all recorded species in Hainan island and 12% of the total in China. The Shannon-Weiner index is 2.095 6 and Pielou index is 0.7738. The caving bats are dominant species, which account for 80% of total species belonging to 12 species. Shannon-Weiner and Pielou index of these species are 1.933 7 and 0.714 1 respectively. Among these species, myotis ricketti is unique species in China. Cynopterus sphinx is listed in ＂Red Book of endangered Chinese＂. Hipposideros larvatus and Miniopterus schreibersi are listed in China Species Red List as a vulnerable species （VU）. Rhinolophus luctus, R. affinis, C. sphinx are listed in China Species Red List as Near Threatened species （NT） or almost the Vulnerable species （VU）. Finally, the paper discusses the fauna distribution, resident types and diversity indexes, and some protective suggestions were put forward.