入侵植物马缨丹(Lantana camara)入侵状况及入侵机理研究概况与展望

A study survey and prospect on invasive condition and invasive mechanism of Lantana camara L.

随着国际贸易和旅游业的快速发展,生物入侵不断加剧.入侵途径多种多样,有的是有意引入,有的是偶然引入,但大多数与人类活动有关.原产美洲热带地区的马缨丹(Lantana ca-maraL.),就是作为观赏植物人为引进后逸为野生,进而泛滥成灾的外来杂草.在较系统介绍了马缨丹的形态特征、全球入侵状况及危害的基础上,进一步从其入侵力(适应力、繁殖力极强,竞争力强,易形成优势种群、多种生物型)、生境的可入侵性(气候特征、空生态位的存在、天敌的缺乏)以及人类活动和干扰的影响等3方面分析了其入侵成功的原因,还对马缨丹入侵机理的进一步研究提出了展望.

Nowadays in the world, with the development of international trade and the tourist trade, the biological invasion aggravates unceasingly. The biological invasion in approach is varied, some are deliberately led into, some are accidentally introduced. But most have great relevant with human being. Lantana camara L., a plant native to America tropic area, has become a widespread and uncurbed weed after it was introduced into other area as an ornamental plant. It has been considered as one of ＂the top ten malignant weed of the world＂. Its biological characteristics, invading status and damage to the whole world were briefly described. And then, its invading mechanism was also analyzed in present paper. The great invasive capacity of adoption, reproduction, competition, forming advantage population easily, various biological type, climate characteristic, lack of natural enemies in the invaded ecosystems and available niche opportunities created, all of which contribute to its great invasiveness. In order to know more the invading mechanism of L. camara, further studies such as molecular ecology, etc., are suggested.