Bcl-2基因蛋白在食管异型增生组织和鳞癌中的表达变化及其意义

Expression of Bcl-2 gene protein and its significance in esophageal epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma

目的：目前食管癌的主要诊断方法有赖于病理学，至今尚无特异性肿瘤标志物，为此对找辅助食管癌早期诊断的分子标志物进行研究。方法：采用单克隆抗体免疫组化LSAB方法检测了BCl－2基因在EM、EED和SCCE中表达变化及其意义。结果：EM组无异常表达；EED组阳性表达率为65．7％，与EM组相比差异有显著性（P＜0．05），在EED中BCl－2蛋白表达增加主要发生在2和3级EED中（P＜0．05）；在SCCE中阳性表达率为77．1％，与EED组相比差异无显著性（P＞0．05），Bcl－2蛋白过表达主要与高分化的SCCE有关（P＜0.05）。结论：食管癌早期发生阶段存在Bcl－2基因表达异常，早期检测Bcl－2基因表达变化可能有助于食管癌早期发生的评估；Bcl－2基因对食管癌的进展不起重要作用。

Objective: Diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus (SCCE) remains pathologica while specific tumor markers still lacking. Method: Bcl-2 protein expression was examined in esophageal mucosa (EM), esophageal epithelial dysplasia (EED) and SCCE by means of monoclonal antibody immunohistochemical LSAB, and its clinical and pathological significances were also analyzed. Resultf: No expression of Bcl-2 protein was found in EM; the rate of positive expression in EED was 65.7％ and was statistically significant as compared with EM'S (P<0.01),and overexpression of Bcl-2 protein mainly occurred in grade 2 and 3 of EED in EED group (P＜0.01); The rate of positive expression in SCCE was 77.1 ％ and the degree of immunostaining as well as rate of positive expression was not statistically significant as compared with EED'S (P＞0.05), but overexpression of Bcl-2 protein was related to higher differentiation of SCCE(P＜0.05) in SCCE group. Conclusion: overexpression of Bcl-2 protein may be an early molecular biomarker in SCCE and can help to evaluate early occurrence of SCCE, but the Bcl-2 gene does not play an important role in progression of SCCE.