基于矢量的无线传感网络能量有效配置算法

Wireless Sensor Network Energy-Efficient Placement Algorithm Based on Vector

无线传感网络的能量消耗决定了网络的使用寿命,如何通过有效节点配置来尽可能地延长网络的生命周期是一个极具挑战性的研究课题.首先提出了一个基于一维网络模型的能量有效节点配置算法,并在将其扩展到二维平面模型的基础上,提出了一个基于矢量的中继节点放置算法.该算法在感应源节点位置和中继节点数给定的情况下,通过计算中继节点的位置得到整个网络的能量有效配置.模拟实验结果表明,在源节点和中继节点数之比为1:2时,该算法得到的网络能耗比常规配置算法节省50%左右,该结果已在实现的火灾预警系统中得到应用.因为实际应用系统中,基于成本的原因,节点数规模总是受限的,因此该算法对构建低成本的无线传感网络应用系统具有重要意义.

The lifetime of a wireless sensor network （WSN） directly lies in the power consumption of the network. Thus one of the challenging problems is how to place the sensor nodes efficiently to prolong the lifetime of the sensor network as long as possible. First analyzed in this paper is the optimal placement for single source under the linear network model. Based on the analyses, an energy-efficient deployment algorithm under the linear network model is designed, then it is extended to adapt to the planar network model. Based on the above work, a novel vector-based placement algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, by calculating the positions of the relay nodes to gather the data from the sources, the energy-efficient placement in the whole wireless sensor network is obtained, which contains fixed sensing nodes and given number of relay nodes. The results of simulation experiment illustrate that the network deployed by the algorithm can save about 50 % energy of that deployed by regular algorithm when the ratio of source and relay number is 1：2. Now this algorithm is used in the fire monitoring system implemented in the laboratory. In the practical application systems, the numbers of nodes are often limited because of the cost, so this algorithm is of significant importance to construct low cost application system of wireless sensor networks.