中国合成氨生产能源消耗状况及其节能潜力

Energy Consumption in Ammonia Production in China and Energy-Saving Potential

中国氮肥行业的合成氨生产能耗总体偏高,能源消耗很大。在当前能源形势及社会条件下,合成氨生产必须要进行节能。因此,分析了中国合成氨生产的能源消耗状况及其在目标能耗下的节能潜力。2004年中国合成氨总耗标煤72112kt,吨氨平均耗标煤1659kg,变幅1052～3450kg,变异系数达到23%,平均能耗大型企业最低,中型企业最高。根据"十一.五"规划,若达到2010年的节能目标,需节能的合成氨总产量约占全国合成氨总产量的61.2%,则可节约标煤8814kt。另外,政策调整的节能潜力也很大,如果将30%,50%和70%的小型装置氨产量转移到大型装置,可分别节约标煤5055及8425和11795kt,若小型企业氨产量全部转换成大型企业生产,则可节约标煤16850kt;而如果我国合成氨全部是大型企业生产,则可节约标煤22099kt。

The overall energy consumption in ammonia production in the nitrogenous fertilizer industry in China is high, consuming a lot of energy. Under the present energy situation and social condotions, energy saving must be practised in ammonia production, so an analysis is made of the energy consumption in ammonia production in China and the energy-saving potential in the face of target energy consumption. In 2004 a total of 72 112 kt of standard coal was consumed in ammonia production in China, an average of 1 659 kg of standard coal was consumed per ton of ammonia, the range of variation was 1 052 -3 450 kg, the coefficient of variation was 23% ; large plants were the lowest in average energy consumption, and medium plants the highest. According to the Eleventh Five-Year Development Guideline, if the technical energy-saving objective of 2010 is to be achieved, the total output of ammonia requiring energy-saving accounts for about 61.2% of the total output of ammonia nationwide, and then 8 814 kt of standard coal will be saved. Moreover, the potentoal for energy-saving through readjustment of policy is also very, great, if 30% ,50% and 70% of the ammonia output from small plants would transfered to large plants, 5 055 and 8 425 and 11 795 kt of standard coal could be saved, respectively ; if all the output from small plants would be converted to that from large plants, 16 850 kt of standard coal could be saved; and if all the ammonia in China would be turned out from large plants, 22 099 kt of standard coal could be saved.