广州市不同膳食构成的中年人群血脂水平

Comparison of Plasma Lipid Profiles among the Middle-aged Guangzhou Residents with Different Dietary Patterns

目的探讨膳食构成与血脂的关系。方法选取40￣65岁广州市民555例(男性188例,女性367例)进行一般情况、食物频数和三日膳食问卷调查;通过体检获得身高、体重、腰围、臀围、体质指数和腰臀比等资料;采空腹血样测定胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯;根据日均食物消费种类和数量特征用聚类分析将人群分为3组。结果3组相比,Ⅰ类(283人,51%)粮谷类〔(301.9±97.2)g/d〕消费最多,叶菜〔(275.9±92.7)g/d〕、非叶菜〔(139.4±84.7)g/d〕、水果〔(122.1±73.3)g/d〕、蛋〔(18.3±17.3)g/d〕和奶〔(50.0±93.2)ml/d〕消费最少;Ⅱ类(98人,18%)粮谷类〔(269.1±98.0)g/d〕消费最少,大豆〔(28.5±31.1)g/d〕、蛋〔(30.2±18.3)g/d〕、奶〔(217.1±152.0)ml/d〕、坚果类〔(7.0±13.9)g/d〕、非叶菜〔(280.3±153)g/d〕和水果〔(345.0±151.8)g/d〕消费最多;Ⅲ类(174人,31%)叶菜〔(540.6±158.3)g/d〕和鱼类〔(42.9±42.2)g/d〕消费最多,大豆〔(12.7±20.9)g/d〕、坚果类〔(4.9±14.7)g/d〕消费最少。分析发现,Ⅱ类膳食组LDL低于Ⅰ、Ⅲ类组,且Ⅱ类膳食组TC低于Ⅰ类组。结论日均摄入粮谷类270 g、大豆类30 g、蛋类30 g、奶类220 ml、坚果类7 g、蔬菜600 g和水果350 g的Ⅱ类膳食构成有利于维持血脂在正常范围,值得推广。

Objective To identify and characterize dietary pattems in a middle-aged Guangzhou population and study associations between these patterns and plasma lipids. Method 555 subjects （98 men and 367 women） were recruited in Guangzhou. Subjects completed a detailed health and lifestyle questionnaire and provided a fasting blood sample for plasma lipids test. Dietary intake was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were assessed by K-means cluster Analysis. Results Three dietary patterns were identified. In Cluster 1, the subjects took higher intakes of cereals （301.9±97.2） g/d, and the lower intakes of leafy vegetables （275.9±92.7）g/d, non-leafy vegetables （139.4±84.7） g/d, fruits （122.1±73.3） g/d, eggs （18.3±17.3） g/d and milk （50.0±93.2） ml/d. In Cluster 2, they was characterized by significantly higher intakes of dried legumes and legume products （28.5±31.1） g/d, eggs （30.2±18.3） g/d, milk （217.1±152.0） ml/d, nuts （7.0±13.9） g/d, fruits （345.0±151.8） g/d and non-leafy vegetables （280.3±153）g/d, and lower intakes of cereals （269.1±98.0） g/d. In Cluster 3, the people took higher intakes of leafy vegetables （540.6±158.3） g/d and fish （42.9±42.2） g/d, and the lower intakes of dried legumes and legume products （12.7±20.9） g/d, nuts （4.9±14.7） g/d. There were significant differences in LDL between clusters. Conclusion Dietary pattem of Cluster 2 could help to maintain plasma lipids in normal range.