狂犬病实验室诊断研究进展

Advance in the Laboratory Diagnosis on Rabies

狂犬病是世界上最可怕的人兽共患传染病,所有温血动物对狂犬病均易感,狂犬病已成为世界严重的公共卫生问题。暴露后疫苗接种可以达到有效的预防,狂犬病的预防和暴露后处理措施的有效实施均有赖于实验室的安全、准确、快速诊断。另外,免疫后及时对血清中和抗体效价进行监测,也是防控狂犬病的关键措施。文章从狂犬病实验室诊断的安全问题、实验室检测样本的选择、组织学检查、病毒抗原检测、生物学鉴定、核酸检测及血清抗体检测等方面对狂犬病实验室诊断方法及研究进展等进行综述和评价。

Rabies is one problem in the world. of the most feared All warm-blooded prevented by post exposure vaccination. zoonotic diseases that is considered to be a serious public health animals are susceptible to infection by the virus. Rabies can be However, the effective use of post exposure vaccination depends on the safe, rapid and accurate detection of rabies virus in specimens obtained from the source of human infection. Meanwhile, the immunologic surveillance of neutralizing antibody after vaccination is also a key preventive measure. This paper provided an overview on developments on laboratory methods for the detection of rabies at safe consideration of laboratory diagnoses, selection of samples, histopathology, detection of antigens, bioassays, detection：of nucleic acids and serological tests.