中国城镇存量用地资源空间分异特征探析

Discussion on the Spatial Differentiation of Urban Stock Land Resource in China

研究目的:以地级单元为主要对象,结合2004年开展的全国城镇存量用地调查数据,对当年的城镇存量用地资源空间分异特征进行分析。研究方法:统计分析法、空间分析法。研究结论:2004年城镇存量用地资源具有集中在东部地区、规模列前30位的地级单元、部分省份的省域中心城市(特别是省会城市)的"三集中"特点;当时全国约1/3数量的单元能够满足1年以上的城镇工矿用地增长需求,而且这种情况在东北地区表现得较为突出;从城镇存量用地资源的内部结构看,省会城市及其周边较发达地区闲置土地占较大比例,而远离省会城市的相对落后地区则空闲土地占较大比例;根据城镇存量用地绝对量、城镇存量用地规模占城镇工矿用地规模的比重以及城镇存量用地规模与1996—2004年城镇工矿用地年均变化量的比例三个指标,可以将全部单元划分为8种类型,其中从单元数量分布看,呈现"两端高、中间低"的格局,但三项指标皆高的单元具有明显的数量和规模优势,是城镇用地挖潜的重点区域;进一步根据城镇闲置土地的用途结构,又可以将全国各单元划分为4种用途类型,其中工矿仓储用地主导型的单元不论在数量还是用地规模上,都占有绝对的优势,工矿仓储用地将是国家在推进土地节约集约利用战略时重点关注和把握的用地类型。

The purpose of the study is to analyze the spatial distribution of the urban stock land resource at municipal level according to the data of National Urban Stock Land Investigation in 2004. Methods of statistic analysis and spatial analysis were employed. There are three characteristics in the spatial distribution of the urban stock land resource in 2004. Firstly, the urban stock land concentrates in the eastern part of China, in the top thirty units and in the center city of some provinces, especially the capital cities. Secondly, about one third units can meet with the need of the urban industrial land use within one year, and most of them locate in the northeastern part. Thirdly, from the perspective of the inner structure there is a great proportion of idle land around the provincial capital cities and of vacant land far from the developed regions. The paper classified the cities into eight categories by using the quantity of urban stock land, the proportion between urban stock land and urban industrial land, the proportion between urban stock land and annual increasing in urban industrial land. Therefore, there is obvious distribution of ＂high in both ends, low in middle＂, and the units with three all higher indexes are the key regions of the urban stock land use. The paper also classified the cities into four categories according to the main use of the urban idle land. The industrial storage land is the main type that should be given more attention in the strategy of intensive land use.