大型商场人员密度调查与分析

The Investigation and Analysis of Population Density in Shopping Malls

以天津市几个大型商场为代表,按照商场的经营性质、建筑规模将大型商场分为三类,分别选取节假日、双休日、正常工作日为调查时间,得到各类大型商场疏散人数的原始数据。采用正态总体均值与方差的区间估计原理,得出各类商场的疏散人数区间。同时,对营业厅建筑面积和顾客使用面积进行相应的调查,得到面积折算系数。利用调查分析结果,在保证安全性和经济性的前提下,提出不同类型商场的人员密度指标。

Some typical shopping malls in Tianjin city are selected as the samples, according to the characteristics and the sizes of construction of the shopping malls, they are divided into three categories. In this paper a series of surveys have been conducted on the usual workdays, weekends and holidays respectively for original data of evacuees. Then the interval estimation theory is utilized to calculate the number of customers. Meanwhile, a corresponding investigation on the conversion coefficient of area is made to draw the conclusion of crowd density under the condition of ensuring the safety and economy. It shows that different crowd density and converted coefficients of area should be used in the different types of stores in the design of fire protection. Then the result of this paper can offer more scientific and reliable data for fire protection design and the revision of standards.