颅骨修补材料的临床应用及研究现状

Clinical application and research progress of skull repair materials

不同种类颅骨修补材料性能及临床应用效果不尽相同。有机玻璃曾经被普遍应用但生物相容性差皮下积液感染率高,现在已经很少应用;骨水泥组织相容性好但不易被吸收,只应用于部分颅骨的修补;医用硅胶涤纶丝网格便宜,疗效好,但局部感染、材料裸露,术后外观欠佳;作为高分子材料之一的钛和钛合金因其良好的生物相容性及理化特性成为目前临床应用最广泛的颅骨缺损修补材料,但也存在很多不足之处。随着社会的发展,患者的要求也逐步提高,很多修补材料因自身的种种缺点已经被淘汰,颅骨修补材料的选择需要根据不同的个体和不同的情况,文章通过对不同种类颅骨修补材料性能及临床应用的比较,寻找生物相容性良好,临床效果最佳的颅骨修补材料。

The performance and clinical application of the skull repair materials differ depending on their variety. Organic glass has ever been widely applied, but its biocompatibility is poor with the high infection rate of subcutaneous effusion; Bone cement is good at histocompatibility but bad at absorption, thus can be only used for parts of skull repair; Medical silica gel polyester grid is cheap and effective, however, local infection and material＇s expose occur, leading to unsatisfactory appearance; Titanium and Titanium-alloy, as one kind of high polymer materials, have achieved widely application on the clinical practice for repairing skull defects due to their good biocompatibility and physicochemical property, but many shortages are also observed. With the development of the society, patients require more and more, some insufficient materials for the repair have been abandoned, and the materials for repairing skull defects should be selected according to the individual condition. In this paper, various materials of the skull repair were compared concerning the property and clinical application, to search an optimal material for the skull repair, with the good biocompatibility and good clinical efficiency.