波涌灌间歇供水表面密实层特性的实验研究

The Experimental Study on the Performance of Surface Sealing of Surge Irrigation

根据田间试验、前人的研究成果及现代控制理论中“黑箱”理论的思想，作者提出波涌灌入渗的结构模型。进而提出定量描述波涌灌土壤性能变化的指标表面密实层的饱和导水率ｋｓ和糙率ｎ值。利用成层土壤入渗理论推导出求解表面密实层饱和导水率ｋｓ的公式，设计出定量测定有关参数的试验方法，并用入渗仪定量测出有关参数的量值。同时研究了表面密实层饱和导水率ｋｓ与土壤机械组成、土壤容重、供水中断时间的定量关系。建立了表面密实层饱和导水率ｋｓ的求解模型，并且用试验方法定量测出表面密实层的糙度ｎ值，ｎ值约为０．０２５。为波涌灌效果的描述及波涌灌系统模拟奠定了基础。

According to field experments and results from literature,based on the “black box”concept of control theory,the change of soils in surge flow irrigation and the formation of surface sealing are summed up.The change of soil performance in surge irrigation is described by the saturated conductivity( k s )and Manning′s friction parameters(n) of surface sealing.The infiltration structure model of intermittent application is suggested.The k s and n are measured expermentally.A method for the solution to k s value is presented.