基于正负心理特征培养和消除的药物成瘾治疗

PSYCHOTHERAPY ON ELIMINATING NEGATIVE MENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CULTIVATING POSITIVE ONES FOR DRUG ADDICS

目的:探求从心理障碍治疗和积极心理特征培养两个角度出发的心理治疗对药物成瘾者的治疗效果。方法:运用团体治疗的方法,分心理治疗、积极心理特征培养两个阶段对参加治疗的60名海洛因成瘾者进行心理干预;以同期60名海洛因成瘾者组成对照组,使用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、SCL-90、自尊调查量表、一般自我效能量表、应付方式量表在心理干预前后进行测评。结果:经过3个月的心理治疗和3个月的复吸预防训练,试验组在焦虑、抑郁上呈显著变化,皆出现好转趋势(焦虑量表t=5.70,P<0.01;抑郁量表t=0.34,P<0.05,症状自评量表t=2.29,P<0.05),但在积极心理特征的培养上,却未呈显著性差异;应付方式上,只有"解决问题"和"求助"与对照组呈显著性差异(t=1.97,P<0.05,t=2.90,P<0.05)。而对照组治疗后所有的心理指标,变化都未呈显著性差异。结论:心理治疗对改善负性的心理特征和不良心理状况有较好的效果,但短时间治疗不足以培养新的积极心理特征。

Objective：To explore the effect of psychotherapy for and cultivation of positive mental characteristics of drug addicts.Methods：Sixty heroin addicts underwent three-month psychological interventions for psychological disorders and correction of negative psychological feature and three-month training of positive psychological characteristics.Another 60 heroin addicts were under routine treatment as control.Self-rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）,Self-Rating Depression Scale（SDS）,SCL-90,Self-Efficacy Scale,Self-esteem Scale（SES）and Coping Style Scale were used to assess the effect of therapy before and after intervention.Results：After the psychotherapy and training,the scores of SAS,SDS,SCL-90 of the study group improved,which showed significant difference compared with the control group（SAS：t=5.70 P〈0.01,SDS：t=0.34,P〈0.05,SCL-90：t=2.29,P〈0.05）.But the improvements of scores of Self-Efficacy Scale,and SES did not indicate significant difference from those of the control group,except that two items ＂problem solving,ask for help＂ in coping style showed significant difference（t=1.97 P〈0.05,t=2.90 P〈0.05）.Conclusion：Psychotherapy for negative and training for positive psychological characteristics can decrease anxiety,depression,and improve the level of mental health,change some coping styles,but three month intervention is not enough to help heroin addicts to improve self-esteem and self-efficacy.