原型范畴理论的缺陷与不足

On Defect and Deficiency of the Prototype Theory

文章通过对反训词的深入考察和研究发现原型范畴理论(简称原型理论)存在许多片面性。究其原因,除了偏颇的研究方法之外,主要在于以往研究范畴的样本缺乏语料的多样性。这必然导致在解释反训这类语料的范畴时,原型理论显现出自相矛盾,具体表现为范畴典型的非共有同一性、断裂的语义链、不彻底的家族相似性以及范畴边界模糊和清晰的并存性,从而最终忽略概念范畴的本质特征。

The prototype theory has solved many difficult problems in semantics so far, but cannot fully explain the linguistic phenome- non of enantiosemy, which exists in both Chinese and foreign languages. Based on the study and analysis of enantiosemy, we argue that many principles in prototype theory don＇ t hold water. The critical reason for this is the deficiency of diverse study on dif- ferent languages, which in turn causes many problems such as non-identity of prototype, split of meaning chains, non-thoroughness of family resemblance, and co-existence of opposite members in the category. Therefore there is much to be improved for the prototype theory.