中小学生交往成败的归因特点与归因训练

Characteristics of Primary and Middle School Students in Attributing Success or Failure in Communication and Attribution Training

中小学生对交往成功和失败的归因倾向存在差异,不同年级、不同性别其归因倾向的特点各异。其影响因素有前提信息的影响、归因中的"自我防御性归因"、对突显刺激的过度反应、期望是个体对自己将来活动结果的预先性认知、伴随归因过程而产生的情感体验等。针对中小学生交往归因的特点,特别是中小学生错误的归因方式,进行归因训练的方式有集体训练和个别训练两种形式。归因训练对提高中小学生的交往效果具有重要的实践意义。

There exists a difference of tendency in attributing the success or failure in communication on the part of primary and middle school students, with different characteristics in different grades and genders. The influential factors include presuppositional information, self-defensive attribution, excessive reaction to the sudden stimulus, expectations being what an individual desires from his/her activities, and the affective experience in the process of conducting attribution, etc. In accordance with the characteristics of attribution in communication of primary and middle school students, especially their incorrect attribution, we advise mainly two forms of training： group training and individual training, which are＇of important practical meaning to helping improve students＂ communication.