从实施人权公约的视角看我国行政判例对人权的保护

Protection through Administrative Cases on Human Rights in China:A Perspective from the Enforcement of International Convention on Human Rights

从1987年至2006年底,20年间各级人民法院共审结了120余万件行政诉讼案件。与之基本同时,最高人民法院通过创刊于1985年的《最高人民法院公报》,并依据2000年6月发布的《裁判文书公布管理办法》,至2006年底,总共发表了75件具有代表性的行政裁判。这些以"公报案例"、"法公布文书"和"裁判文书选登"等形式发表的行政裁判,已经成为人民共和国的最初行政判例。它们是被誉为"重要的人权保障法"的《行政诉讼法》正在得以有效实施的证明,不仅代表着中国努力建设社会主义法治国家的切实努力和中国大陆的行政审判水平与行政审判中的人权保护水平,而且展现了中国大陆正在以日益发展的司法手段,努力促进联合国人权两公约中规定的诸项人权的实施,在某些方面甚至正在拓展出新的人权保护范围和规范。同时,也面临着如何把人权保护范围,从主要限于人身权与财产权,平稳迅速地扩展到也受到人权公约保护的诸项社会权利和政治权利的问题。发展人权保障事业与建设和谐社会与和谐世界的新目标具有内在的同一性。行政判例,正在为我国实施"经社文公约"(CESCR),加入《公民权利和政治权利公约》(CCPR)作出积极的贡献。

Between 1987 and the end of 2006, Chinese Courts at various level delivered more than 1.2 million administrative cases. At the same period of time, The Supreme People＇ s Court in accordance with The Management Rules on Publication of Judgment Documentation issued in June 2000, publicized altogether 75 rulings of administrative cases on The Gazette of Supreme People＇s Court which was launched in 1985. These publications in the form of ＂publicized cases publicized legal documentation selected rulings＂ constitute the first batch of Chinese administrative cases. It is a testimony to the fact that the Chinese Administrative Proceeding Law, which is regarded as Chinese ＂Major law for the protection of human rights＂ is being enforced. These rulings represent the quality of administrative rulings in China and level of human rights protection. In addition, they also suggest that great efforts are being made to embrace the Rule of Law and implement the measures and practice as enshrined in international conventions on human rights. In particular, China has, to a certain extent, even experimented new dimension and scope of human rights. In the meantime, China has been confronted challenges in relation to smooth extension of human rights from moral and property rights to various social rights and political rights. Undoubtedly, the promotion of human rights is in essence consistent with the spirit of harmonious society and harmonious world. Publicized Court Rulings of Administrative Cases is playing an important role in China＇s efforts to implement the commitments as defined in CESCR and CCPR to which China has acceded.