运动员注意返回抑制的初步研究

A Primary Study on Athletes' Attention Inhibition of Return

随着注意研究的深入,返回抑制(IOR)已经成为进一步深入研究、探测大脑信息加工的抑制功能的重要途径,但运动心理学领域却很少有相关报道。采用2×3×3×2混合设计对运动员的返回抑制特点进行初步探讨,组间变量为被试组别(运动员和普通大学生),组内变量依次为外周线索概率(20%,50%,80%)、SOA(线索化开始到靶子出现的时间间隔)(200,400,700毫秒)和靶子出现的位置(线索化位置,非线索化位置)。实验表明,运动员比普通大学生拥有更强的返回抑制能力,他们能在较短SOA里较快出现IOR特征,抑制效应非常显著。两组被试的反应均受线索概率的影响,线索概率越低,IOR越早出现,说明被试能形成较好的认知策略来调整自己的注意资源分配。

With the advances of research in attention, inhibition of retturn （IOR） has been an important aspect to further explore and understand the inhibitory, functions of information processing in the brain. However, few studies on IOR have been reported in the field of sports psychology. The present research examines IOR in athletes with a 2×3×3×2 mixed design. The between-subjects variable is subject group （athletes and normal university students）, the within-subjects vari- ables are probabilities of peripheral cue （20% , 50% , 80% ）, cue-target SOA （200ms, 400ms, 700ms）, and target loca- tion （target appeared at cued or uncued locations）. Results show that athletes have the stronger abilities to prevent their attention from returning to previously inspected locations, as indicated by the earlier onset of IOR with short cue-target SOA in athletes compared to normal university students. The probability of peripheral cue also influences subjects＇ behavioral performance. IOR tends to occur earlier with low probability cue, indicating that all subjects have developed cognitive strategies to allocate their attention resources.