运动员与普通大学生在多目标追踪任务中的表现

Performances of General College Students and Athletes in Multiple-Object Tracking Task

采用多目标追踪范式（Multiple-Object Tracking，MOT）考察运动员和普通大学生在视觉注意追踪任务中的表现，实验主要探讨分心物数量、目标颜色变化和目标运动形式变化对运动员和普通大学生在视觉注意追踪任务的影响，研究结果表明：无论是运动员还是普通大学生，分心物数量对注意追踪的影响显著；运动员的注意追踪成绩存在性别差异；目标颜色变化的效应显著；三因素交互作用不显著。本研究可以得出如下结论：1）运动员比普通大学生在多目标视觉注意追踪任务中存在明显的反应速度优势，而且要比普通大学生的反应速度快90--200ms。2）运动员在多目标追踪任务中存在显著的性别差异，男运动员在相同任务中的注意追踪表现显著好于女运动员。3）运动员在注意追踪任务上的反应时优势和性别差异对运动员选拔和运动训练有重要的启示，并可以作为运动员选拔和运动训练的心理指标之一。

The studies on MOT task are helpful to explore the mechanism of visual information processing and its application on special professional selection and training. The present study is intended to research the performances of athletes and general college students on multiple-object tracking task used the MOT paradigm The experiment design involves three factors, they are number of distractors, color changing of target and target form changing. The results shows the main effect of distractor number is significant; the MOT performance has sex difference in athletes; the main effect of target color is significant; No interactions between the three factors are found. According to the results, we can draw the following conclusions： the athletes＇ performance are better than general college students in all conditions, the performance of male athletes are better than female, perfon＇nance of multiple-object tracking task can be as an index to choose professional athletes and athletes training.